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Electricity in Our Lives - 3797 Words

UNIVERSITY „VALAHIA† OF TÂRGOVIÅžTE FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ELECTRONIC AND TELECOMMUNICATION DOMAINE PAPER FOR THE ENGLISH COURSE â€Å"Electricity in our lives† Made by Student PanÄÆ' Nicolae Alexandru 2nd year, group nr. 2 TÂRGOVIÅžTE 2010 List of contents 1. Introduction 3 2. Short History 3 3. Definition 4 4. Electricity sources 4 5. Current Electricity 7 6. Electromagnetism 8 7. Uses of electricity 9 8. Generating Stations 10 1. Introduction Electricity means all the phenomena that result from the interaction of electrical charges. Electric and magnetic effects are caused by†¦show more content†¦These include many easily recognizable phenomena, such as lightning and static electricity, but in addition, less familiar concepts, such as the electromagnetic field and electromagnetic induction. 4. Electricity sources People have been trying to solve the electricity issue when faced with an acute shortage of electricity, so every country wants to increase power production in all possible ways. The most prolific source of electric energy are the nuclear power plants, but the risk of a catastrophic event, such as Chernobyl in 1986, makes people think twice before accepting this kind of energy source. Of course there are other ways of acquiring electrical energy, called alternative sources of energy. Wind energy, solar energy, sea waves energy are the latest resources, but the technology for them is still developing so they can be used only in a few countries. There are many reasons we are looking towards alternative energy sources. With many countries, and US cities, signing the Kyoto Treaty, efforts to reduce pollutants and greenhouse gases are a primary focus in todays culture. Alternative, or renewable energy, sources show significant promise in helping to reduce the amount of toxins that ar e by-products of energy use. Not only do they protect against harmful by-products, but using alternative energy helps to preserve many of the natural resources that weShow MoreRelatedThe Effect Of Electricity On Our Lives1679 Words   |  7 Pagesperson, you would quickly realize just how dependent a majority of the human race has become on electricity. A few of the everyday appliances that require electricity would include cell phones, computers, air conditioning, lighting, and even most modes of transportation. 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Analysis of Johnathan Swifts A Modest Proposal free essay sample

Swift reveals a sardonic and skeptical way of perceiving issues through his incredible use of satire, tone, and logos. The reasoned and confident tone Swift embodies cannot be mistaken; the authorative and motivational appeals give depth and emotion to his argument. In a moment of weakness, Swift admits the strongest objection to any proposal – dealing with the digestion of children – is that it would be regarded as cruel. His tone appeals to gentility at times, because, mainly, he just wants to portray his proposal for stimulating Ireland’s economy. Beginning the essay in a more satirical and casual way, the proceeding part of the essay delves deeper into the more serious point of Swift’s argument: the United Kingdom turning their head to the fact that Ireland is struggling. â€Å"But I am not in the least pain upon that matter, because its very well known that they are every day dying and rotting by cold and famine, and filth and vermin, as fast as can be reasonably expected,† (412) leads into comprehension that he has for too long drawn out this metaphor and decides to embark onto his next point of statistics and family living. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of Johnathan Swifts A Modest Proposal or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Proven through, â€Å"I have too long digressed, and therefore shall return to my subject. I think the advantages by the proposal which I have made are obvious and many, as well as of the highest importance,† (413) Swift thinks of his proposal as the ‘end-all, be-all’ to Ireland’s issue in order to evoke an aura of confidence in England’s trust. Using humor and sarcasm was the only form of writing Swift could use in voicing his opinions because in the 1700s it was illegal to speak out against one’s own government. Swift’s style is mostly characterized by his technical diction and ironic essence. His irony and satire is most effective in assuaging possible feelings of disgust from the reader. He hopes that his audience’s own selfish motives are exposed and, through this realization, people are more cognizant of the actions taken. The satirical approach Swift takes in pronouncing his point of view on England’s listlessness in regards of Ireland’s problems helps prove, in a way, the seriousness of the issue. The quote, â€Å"A child will make two dishes at an entertainment for friends; and when the family dines alone, the fore and hind quarter will make a reasonable dish, and seasoned with a little pepper or salt will be very good boiled on the fourth day, especially in winter,† (410) is used to prove how drastically the drought affected farm owners. He speaks tranquilly about the pros and cons of eating children, almost as if his sense of humanity has been destroyed. â€Å"†¦ For as to the males, my American acquaintance assured me from frequent experience that their flesh was generally tough and lean nd their taste disagreeable; and to fatten them would not answer the charge. Then as to the females, it would, I think, with humble submission be a loss to the public, because they soon would become breeders themselves † (412). Swift dances around the fact that the problems faced with ingesting children can be changed, or taken care of, by the Irish without assistance. S o why should they not begin devouring their own young if England will not lend a helping ham? Logic is what people will believe, and so Swift tries to accommodate this knowledge to the best of his abilities. Trust in the author heightens the appeal to an argument from reason, thus involving logos. Differing from pathos, logos give emotional appeals without directly involving a position on the subject. â€Å"There only remain 120,000 children of poor parents annually born† (409). This particular statement bears no importance toward an opinion, but it does, in fact, support the purpose. Telling that there are such an exorbitant amount of children born into unstable homes supports Swift’s idea that these children might as well be eaten – rather than live a life of misfortune. When Swift is accounting the advantages of his proposal he computes the logistics himself, â€Å"†¦the maintenance of 100,000 children from two years old and upward, cannot be computed at less than 10s a piece per annum, the nation’s stock will be thereby increased 50,000 per annum†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (413). Ireland’s stock market is depicted to need the profit made from selling children. Other advantages are likely to spring up, so Swift tells, â€Å"many other advantages might be enumerated†¦ the addition of some thousand carcasses in our exportation of barreled beef, the propagation of swine’s flesh, and improvement in the art of making good bacon†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (414). Swift’s reasoning is sound and is almost like a slippery slope of rhetoric, sliding towards Ireland’s sudden uprising. The surprise that takes over one’s intellects upon the initial reading of Jonathan Swift’s â€Å"A Modest Proposal† is refreshing and unexpected. The shift towards understanding of Swift’s proposal, once the setting is realized, is comparable to the shift in tone from mocking to thoughtful.

Federal/State Policy Influences NCLB Act

Stebbins and Knitzer (2007) note that early childhood offer a great opportunity to children to develop readiness to school. Therefore, it is important for the state and policymakers to develop policies that put into consideration the welfare of early childhood education.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Federal/State Policy Influences: NCLB Act specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The reason why early childhood policy matters is the it stimulates early child learning opportunities and ensures that all children get education especially those categorized as low income earners (Stebbins Knitzer, 2007). The current paper is an attempt to explore the No Child Left Behind of 2001 which was passed into law in 2002. Interview findings Five structured questions where used to interview 4 early childhood educators about the NCLB act is respect to early childhood education. The results are represented in the table below Table 1:   Interview results Questions Responses 1 It allows accountability It is mutually beneficial to childcare and head start Allows every child to have education It is appropriate 2 Most agreed that the testing criterion was not appropriate since different children have different learning capabilities 3 Early childhood education has not been addressed much under the NCLB. Accountability will be necessitated. Students from low income families and different socio-economic backgrounds will receive education Children will receive extra help thus improving students performance 4 The role of the federal government has expanded its laws instead of leaving it on individual states. Federal government has overstepped its mandate. It will allow flexibility among schools and encourage transparency and accountability. 5 The funding is not adequate since the plan is more of a burden than aid Budget cuts and incomplete federal funding may derail the policy. Explanation of the policy The No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) 2001 was passed by the congress under president Bush administration and made into a law in 2002. This was part of educational reforms which were being carried to promote the quality of education in U.S. According to Chen (2007), NCLB major objective is to ensure that all students despite the socio-cultural, economic or racial backgrounds would be given the opportunity to enjoy solid education. The state policy was initiated with the help of different stakeholders who had in mind the increased job qualification requirements at international level and demand for Mathematics and English literacy. According to Hyun (2003), the policy’s contains four basic reform principles are they are â€Å"stronger accountability for â€Å"guaranteeing† results, increased flexibility and local control, expanded options for parents, and an emphasis on teaching methods that have been â€Å"quantitatively† proven to work† (p.119). In respect to early childhood education, the NCLB act does not directly address early childhood education but it has been observed to have an impact on most of the early childhood programs (Grogan, Haglund Thompson, 2006).Advertising Looking for essay on law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Some of the major elements that have impact on early childhood education include recruitment of highly qualified teachers as required by the NCLB (Grogan, Haglund and Thompson, 2006). The teachers are supposed not only be qualified but also appropriately licensed. This would ensure accountability from the teachers in respect to young children performance. Testing is another component of NCLB which requires that the progress of each student needs at ECD be documented based on test outcomes. Both testing and employment of highly qualified early childhood teachers leads to improved students learning. In addition, NCLB allows every child to learn in a d iversified learning environment although it may negatively affect children with special needs (Grogan, Haglund and Thompson, 2006). Hyun (2003) note that the most critical aspect of the four basic education reform principles is accountability because it ensures the progress of each student is monitored and each school and teachers are held accountable for poor students’ performance. A timeline of the evolution of NCLBA To begin with, the No Child Left Behind of 2001 was signed into a law on 8 January 2002 by President George W. Bush and later transformed to No Child Left Behind Act (NCLBA). This gave the federal government a role to play in kindergarten to 12th grade education (Hyuan, 2003). Before the enactment, efforts had been carried to change the education system in US. This has been supported by Cross (2005) who note the NCLB of 2001was on an improvement of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act which was enacted in 1965 under President Lyndon Johnson. Prior the NCL B 0f 2001, the ESEA had undergone five amendment and reauthorization in between 1967 and 1994 (Cross, 2005). In 1981, the National Commission on Excellence in Education was commissioned under the 20 U.S.C. 123a to carry a review on scholarly literature and available data on the quality of the education, teaching, and learning that was being carried in national schools and universities (Jorgensen Hoffmann, 2003). Later in 1994, Improving America’s Schools Act of 1994 (IASA) was passed which reauthorized the ESEA and worked in collaboration with the Goals 2000: Educate America Act (Jorgensen Hoffmann, 2003). The later was to ensure that education was made available to all students and the levels of accountability stepped up.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Federal/State Policy Influences: NCLB Act specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More All states were required to follow performance and content standards, assess students, and schools and teachers be held accountable for students (Hyuan, 2003). Therefore, the NCLB Act of 2001was the latest change and amendment on the U.S educational system and is currently under heavy criticisms. Evolution of NCLBA in regard to church and state The success of the NCLB Act which is a national/state policy has been shaped by series of factors and events such as state and the religion/church (Cross, 2005). The issue of race has been under scrutiny since the Second World War and the church/religion has been able to play a great role. For example, in 1950s the church fought hard to ensure that the issue of race and educational aid programs were addressed (Cross, 2005). This was followed by numerous attempts to advocate for the educational aid funding on parochial and non public schools although in vain. However, in 1965, the ESEA policy was passed to enhance federal education legislation in the U.S. On the other hand, the state under the leadership of Lyndon Joh nson saw the break of the logjam to allow federal support on non-republic education. The â€Å"child benefit theory† saw the adoption of the ESEA which necessitated the allocation of funds and books to children not based on the school ownership, but on the fact that a child needed education. Even today, the church/religion has continued to play a great role in championing for education for all (EFA). On the side, the state continued to fund education and design policies like Educate America Act and Clinton Goals 2000 bill, where accountability, testing, and measurement standards were developed which are significantly important to early childhood education. Reference List Chen, G. (2007). Understanding no child left behind. Public School Review. Web. Cross, C. (2005). The evolving role of the federal government in education. Web.Advertising Looking for essay on law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Grogan, T., Haglund, J., Thompson, M. (2006). Voices from the field: Wisconsin early childhood education and care considers â€Å"No Child Left Behind.† Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction. Web. Hyun, E. (2003). What does the â€Å"No Child Left Behind Act† mean to early childhood teacher educators?: a call for a collective professional rejoinder. Early Childhood Educational Journal, 31(2), 119. Jorgensen, M. A., Hoffman, J. (2003). History of the â€Å"No Child Left Behind Act† of 2001(NCLB). Assessment Report. Pearson Education, Inc. Stebbins, H., Knitzer, J. (2007). Highlights from the improving the odds for young children project: State early childhood policies. National Center for Children in Poverty. Web. This essay on Federal/State Policy Influences: NCLB Act was written and submitted by user Tate Stevens to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.